1Ježiš často hovoril v podobenstvách. Tu je ďalšie z nich: „Istý človek vysadil vinicu, ohradil ju plotom, postavil lis na víno a strážnu vežu. Potom vinicu prenajal vinohradníkom a sám odcestoval do cudzej krajiny.2Keď nastal čas oberačky, poslal jedného zo sluhov, aby od nájomníkov prevzal diel z úrody, ktorý mu patril.3Ale vinohradníci ho zbili a poslali preč s prázdnymi rukami.4Majiteľ ta poslal iného. Zaobchádzali s ním ešte horšie, vážne ho zranili na hlave a vyhnali.5Poslal teda ďalšieho, no toho zabili. Majiteľ postupne vyslal ešte niekoľkých poslov, ale k všetkým sa správali surovo, niektorých zbili a niektorých usmrtili.6Napokon poslal svojho jediného milovaného syna. Domnieval sa, že aspoň naňho budú brať ohľad.7Ale keď nájomníci videli, ako prichádza, povedali si: ‚To je jediný dedič. Zabime ho a vinica bude naša.‘8A tak ho chytili, zmlátili na smrť a jeho mŕtve telo vyhodili z vinice.9Čo myslíte, čo urobí majiteľ, keď sa to dozvie? Príde osobne, všetkých dá pozabíjať a vinicu prenajme iným.10Spomeňte si, čo je napísané v Písme:‚Kameň, ktorý zavrhli stavitelia, stal sa kameňom uholným, najdôležitejším v celej stavbe.11To vykonal Pán a to je zázrak v našich očiach.‘ “12Židovskí vodcovia pochopili, že tento príbeh sa vzťahuje na nich. Radi by sa ho boli zmocnili, ale báli sa naňho siahnuť zo strachu pred ľuďmi. A tak sa toho museli predbežne vzdať a odísť.
Spor o daň cisárovi
13Poslali za ním niekoľko farizejov a Herodesových prívržencov, aby ho prichytili v reči a mohli ho obžalovať.14Povedali: „Majstre, vieme, že ti ide o pravdu a že sa vo svojich názoroch nedáš nikým ovplyvniť. Učíš ľudí pravej ceste k Bohu. Povedz nám: máme platiť Rímu dane, alebo nie?“15Ježiš postrehol pascu, ktorú mu nastavili, a povedal: „Ukážte mi peniaz!“16Podali mu rímsku mincu. Spýtal sa ich: „Čí obraz a meno je na tejto minci?“ Odpovedali: „Rímskeho cisára.“ –17„Tak dajte cisárovi, čo patrí cisárovi, a čo je Božie, dajte Bohu.“ Takúto odpoveď nečakali.
Spor o vzkriesenie
18Potom prišli k nemu so zákernou otázkou saduceji, ktorí neverili vo vzkriesenie z mŕtvych, a dali mu takúto otázku:19„Majstre, v Mojžišovom zákone je napísané: Ak zomrie ženatý muž a nezanechá po sebe nijakého dediča, je jeho slobodný brat povinný oženiť sa s vdovou a splodiť bratovi potomka.20Teraz ti vyrozprávame príbeh: Bolo sedem bratov. Najstarší sa oženil, onedlho však zomrel a nezanechal po sebe nijaké deti.21Oženil sa s vdovou druhý brat, ale aj ten zomrel bezdetný.22Tak to pokračovalo, až zomrel aj posledný. Napokon zomrela aj žena.23Naša otázka znie: Komu bude patriť táto žena po vzkriesení? Veď bola manželkou všetkých siedmich bratov!“24Ježiš odpovedal: „Vaša chyba je v tom, že nepoznáte Písmo a neveríte v Božiu moc.25Manželstvo patrí k pozemskému životu. Keď ľudia vstanú z mŕtvych, nebudú sa ženiť a vydávať, ale budú žiť ako anjeli.26A pokiaľ ide o zmŕtvychvstanie, nečítali ste o Mojžišovi, ako sa mu Boh ozval z horiaceho kra: Ja som Boh Abrahámov, Boh Izákov a Boh Jakobov?27Boh predsa nie je Bohom mŕtvych, ale Bohom živých. V tomto sa hlboko mýlite!“
Najdôležitejšie prikázanie
28Tieto rozhovory sledoval jeden z učiteľov Zákona a Ježišova odpoveď saducejom sa mu veľmi zapáčila. A tak sa ho spýtal: „Ktoré prikázanie je najdôležitejšie?“29Ježiš mu odpovedal: „Najdôležitejšie prikázanie znie takto: Počuj, Izrael! Pán Boh je jediný Pán.30Miluj ho z celého srdca, z celej duše, z celej mysle a z celej svojej sily!31A druhé prikázanie je: Miluj iných ľudí tak, ako miluješ seba! Niet dôležitejších prikázaní, ako sú tieto.“32„Správne si to povedal,“ súhlasil učiteľ Zákona. „Je len jeden Boh a okrem neho iného niet.33Milovať ho z celého srdca, celým rozumom a z celej sily svojej vôle a iných ľudí milovať ako seba, to je viac ako všetky obete zvierat na oltári.“34Keď Ježiš počul, ako správne to pochopil, povedal mu: „Ty nie si ďaleko od Božieho kráľovstva.“ Potom sa ho už nikto neodvážil obťažovať otázkami.
Kto je Kristus?
35Neskôr, keď Ježiš učil v chráme, spýtal sa: „Z čoho učitelia Zákona usudzujú, že Kristus musí byť potomkom kráľa Dávida?36Veď sám Dávid, inšpirovaný Duchom Svätým, napísal: ‚Boh povedal môjmu Pánovi: Seď na čestnom mieste vedľa mňa, kým ti všetkých nepriateľov nepoložím pod nohy.‘37Ak ho Dávid nazýva svojím Pánom, ako by mohol byť teda Dávidovým synom?“38Ježiš mal vždy mnoho nadšených poslucháčov. Raz ich varoval: „Dajte si pozor na učiteľov Zákona, ktorí sa radi honosne obliekajú a čakajú, že ich ľudia budú úctivo zdraviť a klaňať sa im.39Radi vyhľadávajú predné miesta v modlitebniach a čestné miesta na hostinách.40Radi vyjedajú domy vdov a dlho sa modlievajú na verejnosti, aby ich všetci videli. Pretože iných učia, no sami sa takto správajú, Boh ich tým prísnejšie potrestá.“
Dar vdovy
41Raz si Ježiš sadol oproti chrámovej pokladnici a pozoroval, ako ľudia vhadzujú do nej peniaze. Mnohí bohatí vkladali do nej vysoké sumy.42No tu prišla jedna chudobná vdova a vhodila do pokladnice iba dve drobné mince.43Ježiš si zavolal učeníkov a povedal im: „Viete, že táto chudobná vdova dala vlastne viac ako boháči?44Tí dávali iba to, čo im zvyšovalo, ale táto vdova dala všetko, čo mala, celé svoje živobytie.“
1And he began to speak to them in parables. “A man planted a vineyard and put a fence around it and dug a pit for the winepress and built a tower, and leased it to tenants and went into another country. (Ž 80,8; Pies 8,11; Iz 5,1; Iz 5,2; Mt 21,28; Mt 21,33; Mt 25,14; Mk 13,34; Lk 20,9)2When the season came, he sent a servant[1] to the tenants to get from them some of the fruit of the vineyard.3And they took him and beat him and sent him away empty-handed. (2 Krn 24,19; 2 Krn 36,15; Neh 9,26; Jer 37,15; Jer 38,6; Mt 5,12; Mt 22,6; Mt 23,34; Mt 23,37; Sk 7,52; 2 Kor 11,24; 1 Sol 2,15; Hebr 11,36)4Again he sent to them another servant, and they struck him on the head and treated him shamefully. (Mt 22,4; Mk 12,3; Sk 5,41; Sk 14,19)5And he sent another, and him they killed. And so with many others: some they beat, and some they killed. (Mk 12,3)6He had still one other, a beloved son. Finally he sent him to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ (Mt 3,17; Hebr 1,1)7But those tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ (1 Kr 21,19; Jn 1,11; Rim 8,17; Hebr 1,2)8And they took him and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. (Hebr 13,12)9What will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the tenants and give the vineyard to others. (Mt 8,11; Mt 21,43; Mt 24,50; Mt 25,19; Lk 19,27; Sk 13,46; Sk 18,6; Sk 28,28)10Have you not read this Scripture: “‘The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone;[2] (Ž 118,22; Mt 21,16; Lk 4,21; Sk 4,11; Sk 8,35; 1 Pt 2,7)11this was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?”12And they were seeking to arrest him but feared the people, for they perceived that he had told the parable against them. So they left him and went away. (Mt 22,22; Mt 26,4; Mk 11,18; Mk 11,32; Lk 19,47; Jn 7,25; Jn 7,30; Jn 7,44)
Paying Taxes to Caesar
13And they sent to him some of the Pharisees and some of the Herodians, to trap him in his talk. (Mt 22,15; Mk 3,6; Mk 8,15; Lk 11,54; Lk 20,20)14And they came and said to him, “Teacher, we know that you are true and do not care about anyone’s opinion. For you are not swayed by appearances,[3] but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not? Should we pay them, or should we not?” (Mt 17,25; Lk 2,1; Lk 3,1; Jn 3,2; Sk 10,34; Sk 13,10; Sk 18,25)15But, knowing their hypocrisy, he said to them, “Why put me to the test? Bring me a denarius[4] and let me look at it.” (Mt 18,28; Mt 23,28; Lk 12,1; Jn 8,6)16And they brought one. And he said to them, “Whose likeness and inscription is this?” They said to him, “Caesar’s.”17Jesus said to them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they marveled at him. (Rim 13,7)
The Sadducees Ask About the Resurrection
18And Sadducees came to him, who say that there is no resurrection. And they asked him a question, saying, (Mt 3,7; Mt 16,1; Mt 22,34; Sk 4,1; Sk 4,2; Sk 5,17; Sk 23,6; Sk 23,8)19“Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife, but leaves no child, the man[5] must take the widow and raise up offspring for his brother. (Dt 25,5)20There were seven brothers; the first took a wife, and when he died left no offspring.21And the second took her, and died, leaving no offspring. And the third likewise.22And the seven left no offspring. Last of all the woman also died.23In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be? For the seven had her as wife.”24Jesus said to them, “Is this not the reason you are wrong, because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God? (Jn 20,9; 1 Kor 6,14)25For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. (Mt 24,38; Lk 17,27)26And as for the dead being raised, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the passage about the bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? (Ex 3,1; Ex 3,6; Ex 3,17; Mt 21,16; Lk 3,4; Lk 20,42; Sk 1,20; Sk 7,32; Sk 7,42)27He is not God of the dead, but of the living. You are quite wrong.”
The Great Commandment
28And one of the scribes came up and heard them disputing with one another, and seeing that he answered them well, asked him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?” (Mt 22,34; Mt 22,46; Lk 10,25)29Jesus answered, “The most important is, ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. (Dt 6,4; Mt 19,17; Mt 23,9; Lk 10,27; Rim 3,30; 1 Kor 8,4; 1 Kor 8,6; Gal 3,20; Ef 4,6; 1 Tim 1,17; 1 Tim 2,5; Jak 2,19; Jak 4,12; Júd 1,25)30And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’31The second is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.” (Lv 19,18; Mt 19,19; Mt 23,23; 1 Jn 4,21)32And the scribe said to him, “You are right, Teacher. You have truly said that he is one, and there is no other besides him. (Dt 4,35; Mk 12,29)33And to love him with all the heart and with all the understanding and with all the strength, and to love one’s neighbor as oneself, is much more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.” (Dt 4,6; 1 Sam 15,22; Ž 40,6; Oz 6,6; Mich 6,6; Mt 9,13; Mt 12,7; Lk 2,47; Kol 1,9; Kol 2,2; Hebr 10,6; Hebr 10,8)34And when Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And after that no one dared to ask him any more questions. (Lk 20,40)
Whose Son Is the Christ?
35And as Jesus taught in the temple, he said, “How can the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David? (Mt 1,1; Mt 1,17; Mt 22,41; Mt 26,55; Lk 20,41)36David himself, in the Holy Spirit, declared, “‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet.”’ (Ž 110,1; Lk 10,21; Sk 2,34; Sk 7,49; 1 Kor 12,3; 1 Kor 15,25; Hebr 1,13; Hebr 10,13)37David himself calls him Lord. So how is he his son?” And the great throng heard him gladly. (Mk 6,20; Rim 1,3)
Beware of the Scribes
38And in his teaching he said, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk around in long robes and like greetings in the marketplaces (Mt 23,1; Mt 23,5; Lk 11,43; Lk 20,45)39and have the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at feasts, (Lk 14,7)40who devour widows’ houses and for a pretense make long prayers. They will receive the greater condemnation.” (Mt 6,5; Mt 6,7; Lk 11,39; Lk 16,14)
The Widow’s Offering
41And he sat down opposite the treasury and watched the people putting money into the offering box. Many rich people put in large sums. (2 Kr 12,9; Mt 27,6; Lk 21,1; Jn 8,20)42And a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which make a penny.[6] (Lk 12,59)43And he called his disciples to him and said to them, “Truly, I say to you, this poor widow has put in more than all those who are contributing to the offering box. (2 Kor 8,2; 2 Kor 8,12)44For they all contributed out of their abundance, but she out of her poverty has put in everything she had, all she had to live on.” (Lk 8,43; Flp 4,11)