1La parola del Signore mi fu rivolta in questi termini:2«Perché dite nel paese d’Israele questo proverbio: “I padri hanno mangiato uva acerba e i denti dei figli si sono allegati”?3Com’è vero che io vivo», dice il Signore, Dio, «non avrete più occasione di dire questo proverbio in Israele.4Ecco, tutte le vite sono mie: è mia tanto la vita del padre quanto quella del figlio; chi pecca morirà.5Se uno è giusto e pratica l’equità e la giustizia,6se non mangia sui monti[1] e non alza gli occhi verso gli idoli della casa d’Israele, se non contamina la moglie del suo prossimo, se non si accosta a donna mentre è impura,7se non opprime nessuno, se restituisce al debitore il suo pegno, se non commette rapine, se dà il suo pane a chi ha fame e copre di vesti chi è nudo,8se non presta a interesse e non dà a usura, se allontana la sua mano dall’iniquità e giudica secondo verità fra uomo e uomo,9se segue le mie leggi e osserva le mie prescrizioni agendo con fedeltà, egli è giusto; certamente vivrà», dice il Signore, Dio.10«Ma se ha generato un figlio che è un violento, che sparge il sangue e fa a suo fratello qualcuna di queste cose11(cose che il padre non commette affatto): mangia sui monti e contamina la moglie del suo prossimo,12opprime l’afflitto e il povero, commette rapine, non restituisce il pegno, alza gli occhi verso gli idoli, fa delle abominazioni,13presta a interesse e dà a usura, questo figlio vivrà forse? No, non vivrà! Egli ha commesso tutte queste abominazioni e sarà certamente messo a morte; il suo sangue ricadrà su di lui.14Ma se egli ha generato un figlio, il quale, dopo aver visto tutti i peccati che suo padre ha commesso, vi riflette e non fa tali cose:15non mangia sui monti, non alza gli occhi verso gli idoli della casa d’Israele, non contamina la moglie del suo prossimo,16non opprime nessuno, non prende pegni, non commette rapine, ma dà il suo pane a chi ha fame, copre di vesti chi è nudo,17non fa pesare la mano sul povero, non prende interesse né usura, osserva le mie prescrizioni e segue le mie leggi, questo figlio non morrà per l’iniquità del padre; egli certamente vivrà.18Suo padre, siccome è stato un oppressore, ha commesso rapine a danno del fratello e ha fatto ciò che non è bene in mezzo al suo popolo, ecco che muore per la sua iniquità.19Se voi diceste: “Perché il figlio non paga per l’iniquità del padre?” Ciò è perché quel figlio pratica l’equità e la giustizia, osserva tutte le mie leggi e le mette a effetto. Certamente egli vivrà.20La persona che pecca è quella che morirà, il figlio non pagherà per l’iniquità del padre, e il padre non pagherà per l’iniquità del figlio; la giustizia del giusto sarà sul giusto, l’empietà dell’empio sarà sull’empio.21Se l’empio si allontana da tutti i peccati che commetteva, se osserva tutte le mie leggi e pratica l’equità e la giustizia, egli certamente vivrà, non morirà.22Nessuna delle trasgressioni che ha commesse sarà più ricordata contro di lui; per la giustizia che pratica, egli vivrà.23Io provo forse piacere se l’empio muore?», dice il Signore, Dio. «Non ne provo piuttosto quando egli si converte dalle sue vie e vive?24Se il giusto si allontana dalla sua giustizia e commette l’iniquità e imita tutte le abominazioni che l’empio fa, vivrà egli? Nessuno dei suoi atti di giustizia sarà ricordato, perché si è abbandonato all’iniquità e al peccato; per tutto questo morirà.25Ma voi dite: “La via del Signore non è retta”. Ascoltate dunque, casa d’Israele! È proprio la mia via quella che non è retta? Non sono piuttosto le vie vostre quelle che non sono rette?26Se il giusto si allontana dalla sua giustizia e commette l’iniquità, e per questo muore, muore per l’iniquità che ha commessa.27Se l’empio si allontana dall’empietà che commetteva e pratica l’equità e la giustizia, rimarrà in vita.28Se ha cura di allontanarsi da tutte le trasgressioni che commetteva, certamente vivrà, non morirà.29Ma la casa d’Israele dice: “La via del Signore non è retta”. Sono proprio le mie vie quelle che non sono rette, casa d’Israele? Non sono piuttosto le vie vostre quelle che non sono rette?30Perciò io vi giudicherò ciascuno secondo le sue vie, casa d’Israele», dice il Signore, Dio. «Tornate, convertitevi da tutte le vostre trasgressioni e non avrete più occasione di caduta nell’iniquità!31Gettate via da voi tutte le vostre trasgressioni per le quali avete peccato; fatevi un cuore nuovo e uno spirito nuovo; perché dovreste morire, casa d’Israele?32Io infatti non provo nessun piacere per la morte di colui che muore», dice il Signore, Dio. «Convertitevi dunque, e vivete!»
1Und das Wort des HERRN geschah zu mir so:2Was habt ihr, dass ihr dieses Sprichwort im Land Israel gebraucht und sprecht: Die Väter essen unreife Trauben, und die Zähne der Söhne werden stumpf? (Eso 20,5; Ger 31,29; Lam 5,7)3So wahr ich lebe, spricht der Herr, HERR[1], wenn ihr diesen Spruch in Israel noch gebraucht[2]!4Siehe, alle Seelen gehören mir; wie die Seele des Vaters, so auch die Seele des Sohnes. Sie gehören mir. Die Seele, die sündigt, sie ⟨allein⟩ soll sterben. (De 24,16; Giob 8,4; Is 42,5; Is 57,16; Ez 3,18; Ez 18,20; Ez 33,8; Ro 2,9)5Und wenn jemand gerecht ist und Recht und Gerechtigkeit übt, (Ger 7,5; At 10,35)6auf den Bergen nicht isst und seine Augen nicht erhebt zu den Götzen des Hauses Israel und die Frau seines Nächsten nicht unrein macht und einer Frau ⟨zur Zeit ihrer⟩ Absonderung[3] nicht naht (Le 18,19; Ez 22,9)7und niemanden unterdrückt, das Pfand des Schuldners[4] zurückgibt, keinen Raub begeht[5], sein Brot dem Hungernden gibt und den Nackten mit Kleidung bedeckt, (Eso 22,25; Is 58,7; Ger 22,3; Ez 16,49; Ez 33,15)8auf Zins nicht gibt und Aufschlag nicht nimmt, seine Hand vom Unrecht zurückhält, rechtes Gericht übt[6] zwischen Mann und Mann, (De 16,19; De 23,20; Ne 5,10; Zac 8,16)9in meinen Ordnungen lebt[7] und meine Rechtsbestimmungen hält, um ⟨sie⟩ getreu zu befolgen: Gerecht ist er. Leben soll er, spricht der Herr, HERR[8]. – (De 6,25; 1Re 9,4; Prov 12,28; Ez 20,11)10Zeugt er aber einen gewalttätigen[9] Sohn, der Blut vergießt und eines von diesen ⟨Dingen⟩ tut[10] –11er selbst aber hat alles das nicht getan –, wenn ⟨der⟩ sogar auf den Bergen isst und die Frau seines Nächsten unrein macht,12den Elenden und den Armen unterdrückt, Raub an sich reißt, das Pfand nicht zurückgibt und seine Augen zu den Götzen erhebt, Gräuel verübt, (Ez 33,25)13auf Zins gibt und Aufschlag nimmt: Sollte er leben? Er soll nicht leben! All diese Gräuel hat er verübt: Er muss getötet werden, sein Blut wird auf ihm sein. (Le 20,9; Giob 34,11)14Und siehe, der zeugt einen Sohn, und dieser sieht alle Sünden seines Vaters, die der tut; er sieht ⟨sie⟩ und tut nicht desgleichen: (2Re 22,1; Ez 20,18)15Er isst nicht auf den Bergen und erhebt seine Augen nicht zu den Götzen des Hauses Israel, er macht nicht die Frau seines Nächsten unrein,16und er unterdrückt niemanden, pfändet kein Pfand und begeht[11] keinen Raub, er gibt dem Hungernden sein Brot und bedeckt den Nackten mit Kleidung,17er hält seine Hand vom Unrecht[12] zurück, nimmt weder Zins noch Aufschlag, er befolgt meine Rechtsbestimmungen, lebt[13] in meinen Ordnungen: Der wird nicht wegen der Schuld seines Vaters sterben. Leben soll er! (Sal 119,3)18Sein Vater, weil er Erpressung[14] verübt, am Bruder Raub begangen[15] und das, was nicht gut war, inmitten seines Volkes getan hat: siehe, er ⟨allein⟩ soll um seiner Schuld willen sterben. (Ez 33,10)19Ihr aber sagt: Warum trägt der Sohn nicht an der Schuld des Vaters ⟨mit⟩? Dabei hat der Sohn ⟨doch⟩ Recht und Gerechtigkeit geübt, hat alle meine Ordnungen bewahrt und sie getan: Leben soll er!20Die Seele, die sündigt, sie soll sterben. Ein Sohn soll nicht an der Schuld des Vaters ⟨mit⟩tragen, und ein Vater soll nicht an der Schuld des Sohnes ⟨mit⟩tragen. Die Gerechtigkeit des Gerechten soll auf ihm sein, und die Gottlosigkeit des Gottlosen[16] soll auf ihm sein. (Eso 32,33; 2Cr 6,23; Ro 6,23; Ga 6,7)21Wenn aber der Gottlose[17] umkehrt von all seinen Sünden, die er getan hat, und alle meine Ordnungen bewahrt und Recht und Gerechtigkeit übt: Leben soll er ⟨und⟩ nicht sterben. (Ger 18,8; Ger 26,3)22All seine Vergehen, die er begangen hat, sollen ihm nicht angerechnet werden; um seiner Gerechtigkeit willen, die er geübt hat, soll er leben. (Sal 103,12; Ro 2,7)23Sollte ich wirklich Gefallen haben am Tod des Gottlosen[18], spricht der Herr, HERR[19], nicht ⟨vielmehr⟩ daran, dass er von seinen Wegen umkehrt und lebt? (2Sam 14,14; Lu 15,10; 1Ti 2,4; 2P 3,9)24Wenn aber ein Gerechter von seiner Gerechtigkeit umkehrt und Unrecht tut nach all den Gräueln, die der Gottlose[20] verübt hat – tut er es, sollte er leben? –: An all seine gerechten Taten[21], die er getan hat, soll nicht gedacht werden. Wegen seiner Untreue, die er begangen, und wegen seiner Sünde, die er getan hat, ihretwegen soll er sterben. (Ez 3,20; 2P 2,20)25Aber ihr sagt: »Der Weg des Herrn ist nicht recht.« Hört doch, Haus Israel: Ist mein Weg nicht recht? Sind nicht ⟨vielmehr⟩ eure Wege nicht recht? (Prov 19,3)26Wenn ein Gerechter von seiner Gerechtigkeit umkehrt und Unrecht tut und um dieser ⟨Sünden⟩ willen stirbt, so stirbt er wegen seines Unrechts, das er getan hat.27Wenn aber ein Gottloser von seiner Gottlosigkeit[22], die er begangen hat, umkehrt und Recht und Gerechtigkeit übt: Er wird seine Seele am Leben erhalten.28Sieht er es ein und kehrt er um von all seinen Vergehen, die er begangen hat: leben soll er ⟨und⟩ nicht sterben. –29Aber das Haus Israel sagt: »Der Weg des Herrn ist nicht recht.« Sind meine Wege nicht recht, Haus Israel? Sind nicht ⟨vielmehr⟩ eure Wege nicht recht? (Sal 18,31)30Darum werde ich euch richten, Haus Israel, jeden nach seinen Wegen, spricht der Herr, HERR[23]. Kehrt um und wendet euch ab von allen euren Vergehen, dass es euch nicht ein Anstoß zur Schuld wird! (Ger 3,22; Ger 7,3; Ez 7,3; Ez 14,6; Ez 36,19; Mat 16,27; Lu 13,3; At 3,19)31Werft von euch alle eure Vergehen, mit denen ihr euch vergangen habt, und schafft euch ein neues Herz und einen neuen Geist! Ja, wozu wollt ihr sterben, Haus Israel? (Is 55,7; Ger 4,4; Ger 44,4; Ez 11,19; Zac 1,3)32Denn ich habe kein Gefallen am Tod dessen, der sterben muss[24], spricht der Herr, HERR[25]. So kehrt um[26], damit ihr lebt! (Is 55,7; Zac 1,3)
1The word of the Lord came to me:2“What do you[1] mean by repeating this proverb concerning the land of Israel, ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge’? (Ger 31,29; Ez 12,22; Ez 16,44)3As I live, declares the Lord God, this proverb shall no more be used by you in Israel. (Ger 31,29; Ez 16,48)4Behold, all souls are mine; the soul of the father as well as the soul of the son is mine: the soul who sins shall die. (Ez 18,20)5“If a man is righteous and does what is just and right— (Ez 18,19; Ez 18,21; Ez 18,27)6if he does not eat upon the mountains or lift up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife or approach a woman in her time of menstrual impurity, (Le 18,19; Ez 18,11; Ez 18,15; Ez 22,9; Ez 22,10; Ez 22,11; Ez 33,25)7does not oppress anyone, but restores to the debtor his pledge, commits no robbery, gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment, (Eso 22,21; Eso 22,26; Is 58,7; Ez 18,12; Ez 18,16; Ez 18,18; Ez 33,15; Mat 25,35)8does not lend at interest or take any profit,[2] withholds his hand from injustice, executes true justice between man and man, (Eso 22,25; De 1,16; Sal 15,5; Ez 18,13; Ez 18,17; Ez 22,12; Zac 8,16)9walks in my statutes, and keeps my rules by acting faithfully—he is righteous; he shall surely live, declares the Lord God. (Ez 18,17; Ez 18,19; Ez 18,21; Ez 20,11; Am 5,4)10“If he fathers a son who is violent, a shedder of blood, who does any of these things (Ez 16,38)11(though he himself did none of these things), who even eats upon the mountains, defiles his neighbor’s wife, (Le 18,20; Ez 18,6)12oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore the pledge, lifts up his eyes to the idols, commits abomination, (Ez 8,6; Ez 8,17; Ez 18,6; Ez 18,7)13lends at interest, and takes profit; shall he then live? He shall not live. He has done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon himself. (Le 20,9; Le 20,11; Ez 3,18; Ez 18,8; Ez 33,4)14“Now suppose this man fathers a son who sees all the sins that his father has done; he sees, and does not do likewise:15he does not eat upon the mountains or lift up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife,16does not oppress anyone, exacts no pledge, commits no robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment, (Ez 18,7; Ez 18,12)17withholds his hand from iniquity,[3] takes no interest or profit, obeys my rules, and walks in my statutes; he shall not die for his father’s iniquity; he shall surely live. (Ez 18,9)18As for his father, because he practiced extortion, robbed his brother, and did what is not good among his people, behold, he shall die for his iniquity. (Ez 3,18)19“Yet you say, ‘Why should not the son suffer for the iniquity of the father?’ When the son has done what is just and right, and has been careful to observe all my statutes, he shall surely live. (Eso 20,5; Ez 18,2; Ez 18,5; Ez 18,9; Ez 18,21; Ez 18,27)20The soul who sins shall die. The son shall not suffer for the iniquity of the father, nor the father suffer for the iniquity of the son. The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself. (2Re 14,6; Is 3,10; Ez 18,4; Ro 2,9)21“But if a wicked person turns away from all his sins that he has committed and keeps all my statutes and does what is just and right, he shall surely live; he shall not die. (Ez 18,5; Ez 18,9; Ez 18,19; Ez 18,27)22None of the transgressions that he has committed shall be remembered against him; for the righteousness that he has done he shall live. (Ez 33,16)23Have I any pleasure in the death of the wicked, declares the Lord God, and not rather that he should turn from his way and live? (Ez 18,32; Ez 33,11; 1Ti 2,4; 1Ti 2,6; Tit 2,11; 2P 3,9)24But when a righteous person turns away from his righteousness and does injustice and does the same abominations that the wicked person does, shall he live? None of the righteous deeds that he has done shall be remembered; for the treachery of which he is guilty and the sin he has committed, for them he shall die. (Ez 3,20; Ez 14,13; Ez 33,12; Ez 33,18; 2P 2,20)25“Yet you say, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’ Hear now, O house of Israel: Is my way not just? Is it not your ways that are not just? (Ez 33,17; Ez 33,20)26When a righteous person turns away from his righteousness and does injustice, he shall die for it; for the injustice that he has done he shall die. (Ez 18,24)27Again, when a wicked person turns away from the wickedness he has committed and does what is just and right, he shall save his life. (Ez 13,22; Ez 18,21; Ez 33,11; Ez 33,19)28Because he considered and turned away from all the transgressions that he had committed, he shall surely live; he shall not die.29Yet the house of Israel says, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’ O house of Israel, are my ways not just? Is it not your ways that are not just?30“Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, declares the Lord God. Repent and turn from all your transgressions, lest iniquity be your ruin.[4] (Is 3,8; Ez 7,3; Ez 7,8; Ez 14,6; Ez 33,20; Ez 36,19; Ez 39,24; Os 14,1)31Cast away from you all the transgressions that you have committed, and make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit! Why will you die, O house of Israel? (Ez 11,19; Ez 20,7; Ez 33,11)32For I have no pleasure in the death of anyone, declares the Lord God; so turn, and live.” (Ez 18,23; Ez 18,30)
Ezechiele 18
King James Version
1The word of the LORD came unto me again, saying,2What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children' teeth are set on edge?3As I live, saith the Lord GOD, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel.4Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.5But if a man be just, and do that which is lawful and right,6And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his neighbour's wife, neither hath come near to a menstruous woman,7And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;8He that hath not given forth upon usury, neither hath taken any increase, that hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true judgment between man and man,9Hath walked in my statutes, and hath kept my judgments, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, saith the Lord GOD.10If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that doeth the like to any one of these things ,11And that doeth not any of those duties , but even hath eaten upon the mountains, and defiled his neighbour's wife,12Hath oppressed the poor and needy, hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,13Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.14Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father' sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,15That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his neighbour's wife,16Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment,17That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.18As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, spoiled his brother by violence, and did that which is not good among his people, lo, even he shall die in his iniquity.19Yet say ye, Why? doth not the son bear the iniquity of the father? When the son hath done that which is lawful and right, and hath kept all my statutes, and hath done them, he shall surely live.20The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him.21But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.22All his transgressions that he hath committed, they shall not be mentioned unto him: in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live.23Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord GOD: and not that he should return from his ways, and live?24But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and doeth according to all the abominations that the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die.25Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. Hear now, O house of Israel; Is not my way equal? are not your ways unequal?26When a righteous man turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and dieth in them; for his iniquity that he hath done shall he die.27Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive.28Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.29Yet saith the house of Israel, The way of the Lord is not equal. O house of Israel, are not my ways equal? are not your ways unequal?30Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord GOD. Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.31Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel?32For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord GOD: wherefore turn yourselves , and live ye.