Quarto viaggio missionario; Paolo è inviato a Roma
1Quando fu deciso che noi salpassimo per l’Italia, Paolo con altri prigionieri furono consegnati a un centurione, di nome Giulio, della coorte Augusta.2Saliti sopra una nave di Adramitto, che doveva toccare i porti della costa d’Asia, salpammo, avendo con noi Aristarco, un Macedone di Tessalonica.3Il giorno seguente arrivammo a Sidone; e Giulio, usando benevolenza verso Paolo, gli permise di andare dai suoi amici per ricevere le loro cure.4Poi, partiti di là, navigammo al riparo di Cipro, perché i venti erano contrari.5E, attraversato il mare di Cilicia e di Panfilia, arrivammo a Mira di Licia.6Il centurione, trovata qui una nave alessandrina che faceva vela per l’Italia, ci fece salire su quella.7Navigando per molti giorni lentamente, giungemmo a fatica, per l’impedimento del vento, di fronte a Cnido. Poi veleggiammo sotto Creta, al largo di Salmone;8e, costeggiandola con difficoltà, giungemmo a un luogo detto Beiporti, vicino al quale era la città di Lasea.9Intanto era trascorso molto tempo e la navigazione si era fatta pericolosa, poiché anche il giorno del digiuno[1] era passato. Paolo allora li ammonì dicendo:10«Uomini, vedo che la navigazione si farà pericolosa con grave danno, non solo del carico e della nave, ma anche delle nostre persone».11Il centurione però aveva più fiducia nel pilota e nel padrone della nave che non nelle parole di Paolo.12E, siccome quel porto non era adatto a svernare, la maggioranza fu del parere di partire di là per cercare di arrivare a Fenice, un porto di Creta esposto a sud-ovest e a nord-ovest, e di passarvi l’inverno.13Intanto si era alzato un leggero scirocco e, credendo di poter attuare il loro proposito, levarono le ancore e si misero a costeggiare l’isola di Creta più da vicino.
La tempesta
14Ma poco dopo si scatenò giù dall’isola un vento impetuoso, chiamato Euroaquilone;15la nave fu trascinata via e, non potendo resistere al vento, la lasciammo andare ed eravamo portati alla deriva.16Passati rapidamente sotto un’isoletta chiamata Clauda, a stento potemmo impadronirci della scialuppa.17Dopo averla issata a bordo, utilizzavano dei mezzi di rinforzo, cingendo la nave di sotto; e, temendo di finire incagliati nelle Sirti[2], calarono l’àncora galleggiante, e si andava così alla deriva.18Siccome eravamo sbattuti violentemente dalla tempesta, il giorno dopo cominciarono a gettare il carico.19Il terzo giorno, con le loro proprie mani, buttarono in mare l’attrezzatura della nave.20Già da molti giorni non si vedevano né sole né stelle, e sopra di noi infuriava una forte tempesta, sicché ogni speranza di scampare era ormai persa.21Dopo che furono rimasti per lungo tempo senza mangiare, Paolo si alzò in mezzo a loro e disse: «Uomini, bisognava darmi ascolto e non partire da Creta, per evitare questo pericolo e questa perdita.22Ora però vi esorto a stare di buon animo, perché non vi sarà perdita della vita per nessuno di voi ma solo della nave.23Poiché un angelo del Dio al quale appartengo, e che io servo, mi è apparso questa notte,24dicendo: “Paolo, non temere; bisogna che tu compaia davanti a Cesare, ed ecco, Dio ti ha dato tutti quelli che navigano con te”.25Perciò, uomini, state di buon animo, perché ho fede in Dio che avverrà come mi è stato detto.26Dovremo però essere gettati sopra un’isola».27E la quattordicesima notte da che eravamo portati qua e là per l’Adriatico[3], verso la mezzanotte, i marinai sospettavano di essere vicini a terra;28e, calato lo scandaglio, trovarono venti braccia; poi, passati un po’ oltre e scandagliato di nuovo, trovarono quindici braccia.29Temendo allora di urtare contro gli scogli, gettarono da poppa quattro ancore, aspettando con ansia che si facesse giorno.30Ma siccome i marinai cercavano di fuggire dalla nave, e già stavano calando la scialuppa in mare con il pretesto di voler gettare le ancore da prua,31Paolo disse al centurione e ai soldati: «Se costoro non rimangono sulla nave, voi non potete scampare».32Allora i soldati tagliarono le funi della scialuppa e la lasciarono cadere.33Finché non si fece giorno, Paolo esortava tutti a prendere cibo, dicendo: «Oggi sono quattordici giorni che state aspettando, sempre digiuni, senza prendere nulla.34Perciò vi esorto a prendere cibo, perché questo contribuirà alla vostra salvezza; e neppure un capello del vostro capo perirà».35Detto questo, prese del pane e rese grazie a Dio in presenza di tutti; poi lo spezzò e cominciò a mangiare.36E tutti, incoraggiati, presero anch’essi del cibo.37Sulla nave eravamo duecentosettantasei persone in tutto.38E, dopo essersi saziati, alleggerirono la nave, gettando il frumento in mare.
Il naufragio
39Quando fu giorno non riuscivano a riconoscere il paese; ma scorsero un’insenatura con spiaggia e decisero, se possibile, di spingervi la nave.40Staccate le ancore, le lasciarono andare in mare; sciolsero al tempo stesso i legami dei timoni e, alzata la vela maestra al vento, si diressero verso la spiaggia.41Ma essendo incappati in un luogo che aveva il mare dai due lati, vi fecero arenare la nave; e mentre la prua, incagliata, rimaneva immobile, la poppa si sfasciava per la violenza {delle onde}.42Il parere dei soldati era di uccidere i prigionieri perché nessuno fuggisse a nuoto.43Ma il centurione, volendo salvare Paolo, li distolse da quel proposito e ordinò che per primi si gettassero in mare quelli che sapevano nuotare, per giungere a terra,44e poi gli altri, chi sopra tavole e chi su rottami della nave. E così avvenne che tutti giunsero salvi a terra.
1Als es aber beschlossen war, dass wir nach Italien absegeln sollten, überlieferten sie sowohl Paulus als auch einige andere Gefangene einem Hauptmann mit Namen Julius von der Schar des Augustus[1]. (At 25,25)2Nachdem wir aber in ein adramyttisches Schiff gestiegen waren, das im Begriff stand, die Orte längs ⟨der Küste⟩ Asiens[2] zu befahren, fuhren wir ab; und es war bei uns Aristarch, ein Mazedonier aus Thessalonich. (At 19,29)3Und am anderen Tag legten wir in Sidon an. Und Julius behandelte den Paulus sehr wohlwollend und erlaubte ihm, zu den Freunden zu gehen, damit er ihrer Fürsorge teilhaftig wurde. (At 24,23)4Und von da fuhren wir ab und segelten unter Zypern hin, weil die Winde widrig waren.5Und als wir das Meer von Zilizien und Pamphylien durchsegelt hatten, kamen wir nach Myra in Lyzien;6und als der Hauptmann dort ein alexandrinisches Schiff fand, das nach Italien segelte, brachte er uns auf dasselbe.7Als wir aber viele Tage langsam segelten und mit Mühe in die Nähe von Knidos gekommen waren, segelten wir, da uns der Wind nicht heranließ, unter Kreta hin, gegen Salmone;8und als wir mit Mühe daran[3] entlangfuhren, kamen wir an einen Ort, Guthäfen[4] genannt, in dessen Nähe die Stadt Lasäa war.
Sturm und Schiffbruch auf der Romreise
9Da aber viel Zeit verflossen und die Fahrt schon unsicher war, weil auch das Fasten schon vorüber war, mahnte Paulus10und sprach zu ihnen: Männer, ich sehe, dass die Fahrt mit Unheil und großem Schaden, nicht nur für die Ladung und das Schiff, sondern auch für unser Leben, vor sich gehen wird.11Der Hauptmann aber glaubte dem Steuermann und dem Schiffsherrn mehr als dem, was Paulus sagte.12Da aber der Hafen zum Überwintern ungeeignet war, rieten die meisten dazu, von dort abzufahren, ob sie etwa nach Phönix gelangen ⟨und dort⟩ überwintern könnten, einem Hafen von Kreta, der gegen Südwesten und gegen Nordwesten sieht.13Als aber ein Südwind sanft wehte, meinten sie, ihre Absicht erreicht zu haben, lichteten die Anker und fuhren näher an Kreta hin.14Aber nicht lange danach erhob sich von dorther ein Sturmwind, Eurakylon[5] genannt.15Als aber das Schiff mit fortgerissen wurde und dem Wind nicht widerstehen konnte, gaben wir es preis und ließen uns treiben.16Als wir aber unter einer kleinen Insel, Kauda genannt, hinliefen, konnten wir kaum des Rettungsbootes mächtig werden.17Dieses zogen sie herauf und wandten Hilfsmittel an, indem sie das Schiff umgürteten; und da sie fürchteten, in die Syrte[6] verschlagen zu werden, ließen sie das Takelwerk nieder und trieben so dahin.18Da wir aber sehr unter dem Sturm litten, warfen sie am folgenden Tag ⟨Ladung⟩ über Bord;19und am dritten Tag warfen sie mit eigenen Händen das Schiffsgerät fort.20Da aber viele Tage lang weder Sonne noch Sterne schienen und ein nicht geringes Unwetter ⟨uns⟩ bedrängte, schwand zuletzt alle Hoffnung auf unsere Rettung. (2Co 11,26)21Und als man lange Zeit ohne Speise geblieben war, da stand Paulus in ihrer Mitte auf und sprach: Männer! Man hätte mir freilich gehorchen und nicht von Kreta abfahren und dieses Unglück und den Schaden vermeiden sollen.22Und jetzt ermahne ich euch, guten Mutes zu sein, denn keiner von euch wird verloren gehen, nur das Schiff.23Denn ein Engel des Gottes, dem ich gehöre und dem ich diene, stand in dieser Nacht bei mir (Sal 119,94)24und sprach: Fürchte dich nicht, Paulus! Du musst vor den Kaiser gestellt werden; und siehe, Gott hat dir alle geschenkt, die mit dir fahren. (Mat 10,18; At 18,9; At 23,11; At 27,44)25Deshalb seid guten Mutes, ihr Männer! Denn ich vertraue Gott, dass es so sein wird, wie zu mir geredet worden ist.26Wir müssen aber auf irgendeine Insel verschlagen werden. (At 28,1)27Als aber die vierzehnte Nacht gekommen war und wir im Adriatischen Meer[7] umhertrieben, meinten gegen Mitternacht die Matrosen, dass sich ihnen Land näherte.28Und als sie das Senkblei ausgeworfen hatten, fanden sie zwanzig Faden[8]; nachdem sie aber ein wenig weiter gefahren waren und das Senkblei wieder ausgeworfen hatten, fanden sie fünfzehn Faden.29Und da sie fürchteten, wir würden irgendwo auf felsige Stellen auflaufen, warfen sie vom Hinterschiff vier Anker aus und wünschten, dass es Tag wurde.30Als aber die Matrosen aus dem Schiff zu fliehen suchten und das Boot unter dem Vorwand, als wollten sie vom Vorderschiff Anker auswerfen, in das Meer hinabließen,31sprach Paulus zu dem Hauptmann und den Soldaten: Wenn diese nicht im Schiff bleiben, könnt ihr nicht gerettet werden.32Dann hieben die Soldaten die Taue des Bootes ab und ließen es hinabfallen.33Als es aber Tag werden wollte, ermahnte Paulus alle, Speise zu sich zu nehmen, und sprach: Heute schon den vierzehnten Tag wartend, seid ihr ohne Essen geblieben, weil ihr nichts zu euch genommen habt.34Deshalb ermahne ich euch, Speise zu euch zu nehmen, denn dies gehört zu eurer Rettung; denn keinem von euch wird ein Haar des Hauptes verloren gehen. (Lu 21,18)35Und als er dies gesagt und Brot genommen hatte, dankte er Gott vor allen, und als er es gebrochen hatte, begann er zu essen. (1Ti 4,4)36Alle aber wurden guten Mutes und nahmen auch selbst Speise zu sich.37Wir waren aber in dem Schiff, alle Seelen, zweihundertsechsundsiebzig.38Als sie sich aber mit Speise gesättigt hatten, erleichterten sie das Schiff, indem sie den Weizen in das Meer warfen.39Als es aber Tag wurde, erkannten sie das Land nicht; sie bemerkten aber eine Bucht, die einen Strand hatte, auf den sie, wenn möglich, das Schiff zu treiben gedachten.40Und als sie die Anker gekappt hatten, ließen sie sie im Meer und machten gleichzeitig die Haltetaue der Steuerruder los und hissten das Vordersegel vor den Wind und hielten auf den Strand zu.41Da sie aber auf eine Landzunge gerieten, ließen sie das Schiff stranden; und das Vorderschiff saß fest und blieb unbeweglich, das Hinterschiff aber wurde von der Gewalt der Wellen zerschellt.42Der Soldaten Plan aber war, die Gefangenen zu töten, damit nicht jemand wegschwimmend entkam.43Der Hauptmann aber, der Paulus retten wollte, hinderte sie an ihrem Vorhaben und befahl denen, die schwimmen konnten, sich zuerst hinabzuwerfen und an Land zu gehen44und die Übrigen teils auf Brettern, teils auf Stücken vom Schiff. Und so geschah es, dass alle an das Land gerettet wurden. (At 27,24)
1And when it was decided that we should sail for Italy, they delivered Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion of the Augustan Cohort named Julius. (At 10,1; At 16,10; At 25,12; At 25,25)2And embarking in a ship of Adramyttium, which was about to sail to the ports along the coast of Asia, we put to sea, accompanied by Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica. (At 19,29)3The next day we put in at Sidon. And Julius treated Paul kindly and gave him leave to go to his friends and be cared for. (At 24,23; At 27,43; At 28,2; At 28,16; At 28,30)4And putting out to sea from there we sailed under the lee of Cyprus, because the winds were against us.5And when we had sailed across the open sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra in Lycia.6There the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing for Italy and put us on board. (At 28,11)7We sailed slowly for a number of days and arrived with difficulty off Cnidus, and as the wind did not allow us to go farther, we sailed under the lee of Crete off Salmone.8Coasting along it with difficulty, we came to a place called Fair Havens, near which was the city of Lasea.9Since much time had passed, and the voyage was now dangerous because even the Fast[1] was already over, Paul advised them, (Le 16,29; Le 23,27; Nu 29,7)10saying, “Sirs, I perceive that the voyage will be with injury and much loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.” (At 27,21)11But the centurion paid more attention to the pilot and to the owner of the ship than to what Paul said. (Ap 18,17)12And because the harbor was not suitable to spend the winter in, the majority decided to put out to sea from there, on the chance that somehow they could reach Phoenix, a harbor of Crete, facing both southwest and northwest, and spend the winter there.
The Storm at Sea
13Now when the south wind blew gently, supposing that they had obtained their purpose, they weighed anchor and sailed along Crete, close to the shore.14But soon a tempestuous wind, called the northeaster, struck down from the land. (Mar 4,37)15And when the ship was caught and could not face the wind, we gave way to it and were driven along.16Running under the lee of a small island called Cauda,[2] we managed with difficulty to secure the ship’s boat.17After hoisting it up, they used supports to undergird the ship. Then, fearing that they would run aground on the Syrtis, they lowered the gear,[3] and thus they were driven along. (At 27,26)18Since we were violently storm-tossed, they began the next day to jettison the cargo. (Gion 1,5; At 27,38)19And on the third day they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands.20When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope of our being saved was at last abandoned.21Since they had been without food for a long time, Paul stood up among them and said, “Men, you should have listened to me and not have set sail from Crete and incurred this injury and loss. (At 27,10)22Yet now I urge you to take heart, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship. (At 27,25)23For this very night there stood before me an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I worship, (Sal 119,94; Da 5,23; Da 6,16; At 8,26; At 18,9; At 23,11; At 24,14; 2Ti 4,17)24and he said, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar. And behold, God has granted you all those who sail with you.’ (Gen 18,26; Gen 19,21; Gen 19,29; Ez 14,14; At 23,11)25So take heart, men, for I have faith in God that it will be exactly as I have been told.26But we must run aground on some island.” (At 27,17; At 28,1)27When the fourteenth night had come, as we were being driven across the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors suspected that they were nearing land.28So they took a sounding and found twenty fathoms.[4] A little farther on they took a sounding again and found fifteen fathoms.[5]29And fearing that we might run on the rocks, they let down four anchors from the stern and prayed for day to come. (At 27,17)30And as the sailors were seeking to escape from the ship, and had lowered the ship’s boat into the sea under pretense of laying out anchors from the bow, (At 27,16)31Paul said to the centurion and the soldiers, “Unless these men stay in the ship, you cannot be saved.”32Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the ship’s boat and let it go.33As day was about to dawn, Paul urged them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day that you have continued in suspense and without food, having taken nothing.34Therefore I urge you to take some food. For it will give you strength,[6] for not a hair is to perish from the head of any of you.” (1Sam 14,45; 2Sam 14,11; 1Re 1,52; Mat 10,30; Lu 21,18)35And when he had said these things, he took bread, and giving thanks to God in the presence of all he broke it and began to eat. (Mat 15,36)36Then they all were encouraged and ate some food themselves. (At 27,22)37(We were in all 276[7] persons in the ship.) (At 2,41; At 7,14; Ro 13,1; 1P 3,20)38And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, throwing out the wheat into the sea. (At 27,18)
The Shipwreck
39Now when it was day, they did not recognize the land, but they noticed a bay with a beach, on which they planned if possible to run the ship ashore. (At 28,1)40So they cast off the anchors and left them in the sea, at the same time loosening the ropes that tied the rudders. Then hoisting the foresail to the wind they made for the beach.41But striking a reef,[8] they ran the vessel aground. The bow stuck and remained immovable, and the stern was being broken up by the surf. (2Co 11,25)42The soldiers’ plan was to kill the prisoners, lest any should swim away and escape. (At 12,19)43But the centurion, wishing to save Paul, kept them from carrying out their plan. He ordered those who could swim to jump overboard first and make for the land, (At 27,3)44and the rest on planks or on pieces of the ship. And so it was that all were brought safely to land. (At 27,22)
Atti 27
King James Version
1And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus' band.2And entering into a ship of Adramyttium, we launched, meaning to sail by the coasts of Asia; one Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica, being with us.3And the next day we touched at Sidon. And Julius courteously entreated Paul, and gave him liberty to go unto his friends to refresh himself.4And when we had launched from thence, we sailed under Cyprus, because the winds were contrary.5And when we had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra, a city of Lycia.6And there the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing into Italy; and he put us therein.7And when we had sailed slowly many days, and scarce were come over against Cnidus, the wind not suffering us, we sailed under Crete, over against Salmone;8And, hardly passing it, came unto a place which is called The fair havens; nigh whereunto was the city of Lasea.9Now when much time was spent, and when sailing was now dangerous, because the fast was now already past, Paul admonished them,10And said unto them, Sirs, I perceive that this voyage will be with hurt and much damage, not only of the lading and ship, but also of our lives.11Nevertheless the centurion believed the master and the owner of the ship, more than those things which were spoken by Paul.12And because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence also, if by any means they might attain to Phenice, and there to winter; which is an haven of Crete, and lieth toward the south west and north west.13And when the south wind blew softly, supposing that they had obtained their purpose, loosing thence, they sailed close by Crete.14But not long after there arose against it a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon.15And when the ship was caught, and could not bear up into the wind, we let her drive.16And running under a certain island which is called Clauda, we had much work to come by the boat:17Which when they had taken up, they used helps, undergirding the ship; and, fearing lest they should fall into the quicksands, strake sail, and so were driven.18And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship;19And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship.20And when neither sun nor stars in many days appeared, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then taken away.21But after long abstinence Paul stood forth in the midst of them, and said, Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss.22And now I exhort you to be of good cheer: for there shall be no loss of any man's life among you, but of the ship.23For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, and whom I serve,24Saying, Fear not, Paul; thou must be brought before Caesar: and, lo, God hath given thee all them that sail with thee.25Wherefore, sirs, be of good cheer: for I believe God, that it shall be even as it was told me.26Howbeit we must be cast upon a certain island.27But when the fourteenth night was come, as we were driven up and down in Adria, about midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country;28And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms.29Then fearing lest we should have fallen upon rocks, they cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day.30And as the shipmen were about to flee out of the ship, when they had let down the boat into the sea, under colour as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship,31Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved.32Then the soldiers cut off the ropes of the boat, and let her fall off.33And while the day was coming on, Paul besought them all to take meat, saying, This day is the fourteenth day that ye have tarried and continued fasting, having taken nothing.34Wherefore I pray you to take some meat: for this is for your health: for there shall not an hair fall from the head of any of you.35And when he had thus spoken, he took bread, and gave thanks to God in presence of them all: and when he had broken it, he began to eat.36Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat.37And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls.38And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, and cast out the wheat into the sea.39And when it was day, they knew not the land: but they discovered a certain creek with a shore, into the which they were minded, if it were possible, to thrust in the ship.40And when they had taken up the anchors, they committed themselves unto the sea, and loosed the rudder bands, and hoised up the mainsail to the wind, and made toward shore.41And falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground; and the forepart stuck fast, and remained unmoveable, but the hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves.42And the soldiers' counsel was to kill the prisoners, lest any of them should swim out, and escape.43But the centurion, willing to save Paul, kept them from their purpose; and commanded that they which could swim should cast themselves first into the sea, and get to land:44And the rest, some on boards, and some on broken pieces of the ship. And so it came to pass, that they escaped all safe to land.