1Her er navnene på Jakobs sønner, som fulgte ham til Egypten sammen med deres familier:2Ruben, Simeon, Levi og Juda,3Issakar, Zebulon og Benjamin,4Dan og Naftali, Gad og Asher.5Josef var allerede i Egypten. I alt bestod Jakobs familie af 70 personer.[1]6Som årene gik, døde Josef og hans brødre og hele deres generation.7Men deres efterkommere fik mange børn og børnebørn, og de blev med tiden så mange, at de fyldte hele det område, de boede i.8Der var nu en ny konge i Egypten, og han kendte ikke noget til Josef eller til, hvad han havde udrettet.9„De israelitter er efterhånden så talrige og stærke, at de er ved at blive en trussel imod os,” sagde kongen til sine embedsmænd.10„Det må vi få sat en stopper for, ellers risikerer vi, at de i krigstilfælde slutter sig til vores fjender og flygter ud af landet.”11Så gjorde egypterne dem til slaver og satte brutale slavefogeder over dem, som skulle udmatte dem med hårdt arbejde. De tvang dem til at bygge to nye forsyningscentre for Farao—byerne Pitom og Ramses.12Men jo mere egypterne mishandlede og undertrykte israelitterne, jo flere blev de. Egypterne blev bange for dem,13og derfor lod de dem arbejde endnu hårdere.14De var skånselsløse i deres krav og tvang dem til at lave mursten og mørtel til de egyptiske byggeprojekter foruden al slags hårdt markarbejde og drev i det hele taget rovdrift på deres arbejdskraft.15Faraos næste påfund var at give følgende ordre til de hebræiske jordemødre Shifra og Pua:16„Når I hjælper hebræerkvinderne med at føde, skal I dræbe alle drengebørnene. Lad kun pigerne leve.”17Jordemødrene frygtede imidlertid Gud mere end kongen, og derfor nægtede de at gøre, som han sagde. De lod drengene leve.18Da kaldte kongen dem til sig og sagde: „I lader jo drengene leve! Hvorfor gør I ikke, som jeg har sagt?”19„Herre,” sagde de. „De hebræiske kvinder er ikke som de egyptiske. De føder så hurtigt, at vi simpelt hen ikke kan nå frem i tide!”20-21Gud velsignede jordemødrene på grund af deres gudsfrygt, så de ikke selv havde problemer med at få børn, og han var stadig med israelitterne, så de blev endnu mere talrige og mægtige.22Så gav Farao den egyptiske befolkning følgende ordre: „Kast alle nyfødte hebræiske drenge i Nilen! Pigerne kan få lov at leve.”
1These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob, each with his household: (1.Mos 35,23; 1.Mos 46,8)2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,4Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.5All the descendants of Jacob were seventy persons; Joseph was already in Egypt. (1.Mos 46,27; 5.Mos 10,22)6Then Joseph died, and all his brothers and all that generation. (1.Mos 50,26)7But the people of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong, so that the land was filled with them. (1.Mos 46,3; 5.Mos 26,5; Ap G 7,17)
Pharaoh Oppresses Israel
8Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. (Ap G 7,18)9And he said to his people, “Behold, the people of Israel are too many and too mighty for us. (Salm 105,24)10Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, lest they multiply, and, if war breaks out, they join our enemies and fight against us and escape from the land.” (Salm 83,3; Salm 105,25; Ap G 7,19)11Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with heavy burdens. They built for Pharaoh store cities, Pithom and Raamses. (1.Mos 15,13; 1.Mos 47,11; 2.Mos 2,11; 2.Mos 3,7; 2.Mos 5,4; 2.Mos 6,6; 2.Mos 12,37; 5.Mos 26,6; 2.Krøn 16,4; Salm 81,6)12But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And the Egyptians were in dread of the people of Israel.13So they ruthlessly made the people of Israel work as slaves (2.Mos 5,7)14and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field. In all their work they ruthlessly made them work as slaves. (2.Mos 2,23; 2.Mos 6,9; 4.Mos 20,15; Ap G 7,19; Ap G 7,34)15Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah,16“When you serve as midwife to the Hebrew women and see them on the birthstool, if it is a son, you shall kill him, but if it is a daughter, she shall live.”17But the midwives feared God and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them, but let the male children live. (Ord 16,6; Dan 3,16; Dan 6,13; Ap G 5,29)18So the king of Egypt called the midwives and said to them, “Why have you done this, and let the male children live?”19The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them.”20So God dealt well with the midwives. And the people multiplied and grew very strong. (Præd 8,12)21And because the midwives feared God, he gave them families. (1.Sam 2,35; 2.Sam 7,11; 2.Sam 7,27; 1.Kong 2,24; 1.Kong 11,38; Salm 127,1)22Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, “Every son that is born to the Hebrews[1] you shall cast into the Nile, but you shall let every daughter live.” (1.Mos 41,1; Ap G 7,19)