التثنية 19 | الكتاب المقدس

الكتاب المقدس

مدن الملجأ

1 مَتَى أَفْنَى الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمُ الأُمَمَ الَّذِينَ سَيُوَرِّثُكُمْ أَرْضَهُمْ، وَسَكَنْتُمْ فِي مُدُنِهِمْ وَبُيُوتِهِمْ، 2 فَأَفْرِزُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ ثَلاثَ مُدُنٍ فِي وَسَطِ أَرْضِكُمُ الَّتِي يَهَبُهَا لَكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ لِتَمْتَلِكُوهَا. 3 فَعَبِّدُوا الطُّرُقَ إِلَيْهَا، وَقَسِّمُوا الأَرْضَ الَّتِي يَهَبُهَا الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ لَكُمْ إِلَى ثَلاثِ مَنَاطِقَ، لِتَكُونَ مَلْجَأً يَلُوذُ بِها كُلُّ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْساً عَنْ غَيْرِ عَمْدٍ. 4 وَهَذَا هُوَ الْحُكْمُ الْمُتَعَلِّقُ بِالْقَاتِلِ الَّذِي يَلْجَأُ إِلَى هُنَاكَ فَيَحْيَا: مَنْ ضَرَبَ صَاحِبَهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ، وَهُوَ لَا يَكُنُّ لَهُ الْبَغْضَاءَ سَابِقاً، 5 وَمَنِ انْطَلَقَ مَعَ صَاحِبِهِ إِلَى الْغَابَةِ لِيَحْتَطِبَ، فَأَفْلَتَتْ حَدِيدَةُ الْفَأْسِ مِنْ رَأْسِ الذِّرَاعِ الْخَشَبِيَّةِ وَأَصَابَتْ صَاحِبَهُ فَمَاتَ، يَلْجَأُ الْقَاتِلُ إِلَى إِحْدَى تِلْكَ الْمُدُنِ وَيَحْيَا 6 لِئَلّا يَسْعَى طَالِبُ الثَّأْرِ وَرَاءَهُ عِنْدَ احْتِدَامِ نِقْمَتِهِ وَيُدْرِكَهُ إِذَا طَالَتِ الطَّرِيقُ وَيَقْتُلَهُ، مَعَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّ جَزَاءَ الْمَوْتِ، لأَنَّ الْقَاتِلَ لَمْ يُضْمِرِ الْبَغْضَاءَ لِلْمَقْتُولِ مِنْ قَبْلُ 7 لِهَذَا أَنَا آمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَفْرِزُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ ثَلاثَ مُدُنٍ. 8 وَإِنْ وَسَّعَ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ أَرْضَكُمْ، كَمَا أَقْسَمَ لِآبَائِكُمْ، وَأَوْرَثَكُمْ جَمِيعَ الأَرْضِ الَّتِي وَعَدَ أَنْ يَهَبَهَا لَهُمْ، 9 وَإذَا أَطَعْتُمْ هَذِهِ الْوَصَايَا كُلَّهَا وَعَمِلْتُمْ بِها كَمَا أُوْصِيكُمُ الْيَوْمَ، وَأَحْبَبْتُمُ الرَّبَّ إِلَهَكُمْ وَسَلَكْتُمْ فِي سُبُلِهِ دَائِماً، فَأَضِيفُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ مُدُنَ مَلْجَإٍ أُخْرَى 10 فَلا يُسْفَكَ دَمُ بَرِيءٍ فِي وَسَطِ أَرْضِكُمُ الَّتِي يَهَبُهَا الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ لَكُمْ مِيرَاثاً، فَتَكُونُ مُلَطَّخَةً بِالدَّمِ. 11 وَلَكِنْ إِذَا كَمَنَ إِنْسَانٌ يُضْمِرُ الْبَغْضَاءَ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً قَاتِلَةً أَفْضَتْ إِلَى مَوْتِهِ، ثُمَّ هَرَبَ إِلَى إِحْدَى مُدُنِ الْمَلْجَإِ، 12 يُوَجِّهُ شُيُوخُ مَدِينَتِهِ مَنْ يَقْبِضُ عَلَيْهِ هُنَاكَ، وَيَأْتِي بِهِ، فَيُسَلِّمُونَهُ إِلَى طَالِبِ الثَّأْرِ فَيَمُوتُ. 13 لَا تَتَرَّأفْ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ، بَلِ انْتَقِمُوا لِدَمِ الْبَرِيءِ فِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَيَكُونَ لَكُمْ خَيْرٌ.

شريعة الحدود

14 لَا تَنْقُلُوا حُدُودَ أَرْضِ صَاحِبِكُمُ الَّتِي نَصَبَهَا الأَوَّلُونَ لِتَزِيدُوا مِنْ مِيرَاثِكُمُ الَّذِي يَهَبُهُ لَكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ لِتَمْتَلِكُوهُ.

الشهود

15 لَا يَثْبُتُ عَلَى إِنْسَانٍ ذَنْبٌ مَا أَوْ خَطِيئَةٌ مَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْخَطَايَا الَّتِي يَرْتَكِبُهَا الإِنْسَانُ عَلَى فَمِ شَاهِدٍ وَاحِدٍ، إِنَّمَا بِشَهَادَةِ اثْنَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاثَةٍ يَثْبُتُ الذَّنْبُ. 16 إِذَا شَهِدَ وَاحِدٌ عَلَى آخَرَ شَهَادَةَ زُورٍ مُتَّهِماً إِيَّاهُ بِارْتِكَابِ ذَنْبٍ، 17 يَمْثُلُ الرَّجُلانِ الْمُتَخَاصِمَانِ فِي مَحْضَرِ الرَّبِّ أَمَامَ الْكَهَنَةِ وَالْقُضَاةِ الْمُعَيَّنِينَ فِي تِلْكَ الأَيَّامِ. 18 فَإِنْ تَحَقَّقَ الْقُضَاةُ بَعْدَ فَحْصٍ دَقِيقٍ أَنَّ الشَّاهِدَ قَدْ شَهِدَ زُوراً عَلَى أَخِيهِ، 19 فَأَنْزِلُوا بِهِ الْعِقَابَ الَّذِي كَانَ سَيُنْزِلُهُ بِأَخِيهِ، فَتَسْتَأْصِلُوا الشَّرَّ مِنْ بَيْنِكُمْ، 20 فَيَشِيعُ الْخَبَرُ وَيَسْمَعُ بِهِ بَقِيَّةُ الشَّعْبِ فَيَخَافُونَ، وَلا يَعُودُونَ يُقْدِمُونَ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا الأَمْرِ الْقَبِيحِ فِي وَسَطِكُمْ. 21 لَا تَتَرَأَّفْ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ. حَيَاةٌ بِحَيَاةٍ، وَعَيْنٌ بِعَيْنٍ، وَسِنٌّ بِسِنٍّ، وَيَدٌ بِيَدٍ، وَرِجْلٌ بِرِجْلٍ.

Nuova Riveduta 2006

من Società Biblica di Ginevra

Le città di rifugio

1 «Quando il Signore, il tuo Dio, avrà sterminato le nazioni di cui il Signore, il tuo Dio, ti dà il paese e tu succederai a loro e abiterai nelle loro città e nelle loro case, 2 metterai da parte tre città, in mezzo al paese del quale il Signore tuo Dio ti dà il possesso. 3 Costruirai delle strade e dividerai in tre parti il territorio del paese che il Signore, il tuo Dio, ti dà come eredità, affinché qualunque omicida si possa rifugiare in quelle città. 4 Ecco in quale caso l’omicida che vi si rifugerà avrà salva la vita, cioè colui che avrà ucciso il suo prossimo involontariamente, senza averlo odiato prima. 5 Se uno, ad esempio, va al bosco con il suo compagno a tagliare legna e, mentre la mano alza la scure per abbattere l’albero, il ferro gli sfugge dal manico e colpisce il compagno e lo fa morire, quel tale si rifugerà in una di queste città, e avrà salva la vita; 6 altrimenti il vendicatore del sangue, mentre l’ira gli arde in cuore, potrebbe seguire l’omicida e, se questi deve andare troppo lontano, raggiungerlo e colpirlo a morte, mentre non era passibile di morte, perché non aveva prima odiato il compagno. 7 Perciò ti do quest’ordine: “Metti da parte tre città”. 8 Se il Signore, il tuo Dio, allarga i tuoi confini, come giurò ai tuoi padri di fare, e ti dà tutto il paese che promise di dare ai tuoi padri, 9 qualora tu abbia cura di osservare tutti questi comandamenti che oggi ti do, amando il Signore, il tuo Dio, e camminando sempre nelle sue vie, aggiungerai altre tre città a quelle prime tre, 10 affinché non si sparga sangue innocente in mezzo al paese che il Signore, il tuo Dio, ti dà in eredità e tu non ti renda colpevole di omicidio. 11 Ma se un uomo odia il suo prossimo, gli tende insidie, lo assale, lo percuote in modo da causare la sua morte e poi si rifugia in una di quelle città, 12 gli anziani della sua città lo manderanno a prendere di là e lo daranno nelle mani del vendicatore del sangue affinché sia messo a morte. 13 Il tuo occhio non ne avrà pietà; toglierai via da Israele chi ha sparso sangue innocente e così sarai felice.

Spostamento dei limiti; i testimoni

14 «Non sposterai le pietre di confine del tuo prossimo, poste dai tuoi antenati, nell’eredità che avrai nel paese di cui il Signore, il tuo Dio, ti dà il possesso. 15 Un solo testimone non sarà sufficiente per condannare un uomo, qualunque sia il delitto o il peccato che questi ha commesso; il fatto sarà stabilito sulla deposizione di due o tre testimoni. 16 Quando un falso testimone si alzerà contro qualcuno per accusarlo di un delitto, 17 i due uomini tra i quali ha luogo la contestazione compariranno davanti al Signore, davanti ai sacerdoti e ai giudici in carica in quei giorni. 18 I giudici faranno una diligente inchiesta; se quel testimone risulta un testimone bugiardo, che ha deposto il falso contro il suo prossimo, 19 farete a lui quello che egli aveva intenzione di fare al suo prossimo. Così toglierai via il male di mezzo a te. 20 Gli altri lo udranno, temeranno, e non si commetterà più in mezzo a te una simile malvagità. 21 Il tuo occhio non avrà pietà: vita per vita, occhio per occhio, dente per dente^[1], mano per mano, piede per piede.

English Standard Version

من Crossway

Laws Concerning Cities of Refuge

1 “When the LORD your God cuts off the nations whose land the LORD your God is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses, (تث 12:29) 2 you shall set apart three cities for yourselves in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess. (خر 21:13; عد 35:10; عد 35:14; يش 20:2; يش 20:8)

خر 21:13عد 35:10عد 35:14يش 20:2يش 20:8

3 You shall measure the distances^[1] and divide into three parts the area of the land that the LORD your God gives you as a possession, so that any manslayer can flee to them. 4 “This is the provision for the manslayer, who by fleeing there may save his life. If anyone kills his neighbor unintentionally without having hated him in the past— (عد 35:15; تث 4:42; يش 20:3; يش 20:5)

عد 35:15تث 4:42يش 20:3يش 20:5

5 as when someone goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut wood, and his hand swings the axe to cut down a tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies—he may flee to one of these cities and live, 6 lest the avenger of blood in hot anger pursue the manslayer and overtake him, because the way is long, and strike him fatally, though the man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past. (عد 35:12; عد 35:19; عد 35:21; عد 35:24; عد 35:25; عد 35:27)

عد 35:12عد 35:19عد 35:21عد 35:24عد 35:25عد 35:27

7 Therefore I command you, You shall set apart three cities. 8 And if the LORD your God enlarges your territory, as he has sworn to your fathers, and gives you all the land that he promised to give to your fathers— (تك 15:18; خر 23:31; خر 34:24; تث 12:20)

تك 15:18خر 23:31خر 34:24تث 12:20

9 provided you are careful to keep all this commandment, which I command you today, by loving the LORD your God and by walking ever in his ways— then you shall add three other cities to these three, (تث 19:2; يش 20:7) 10 lest innocent blood be shed in your land that the LORD your God is giving you for an inheritance, and so the guilt of bloodshed be upon you. 11 “But if anyone hates his neighbor and lies in wait for him and attacks him and strikes him fatally so that he dies, and he flees into one of these cities, (خر 21:12; خر 21:14; عد 35:16; تث 27:24)

خر 21:12خر 21:14عد 35:16تث 27:24

12 then the elders of his city shall send and take him from there, and hand him over to the avenger of blood, so that he may die. 13 Your eye shall not pity him, but you shall purge the guilt of innocent blood^[2] from Israel, so that it may be well with you. (عد 35:33; تث 7:16; تث 21:9; 1مل 2:31)

عد 35:33تث 7:16تث 21:91مل 2:31

Property Boundaries

14 “You shall not move your neighbor’s landmark, which the men of old have set, in the inheritance that you will hold in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess. (تث 27:17; أي 24:2; أم 22:28; أم 23:10; هو 5:10)

تث 27:17أي 24:2أم 22:28أم 23:10هو 5:10

Laws Concerning Witnesses

15 “A single witness shall not suffice against a person for any crime or for any wrong in connection with any offense that he has committed. Only on the evidence of two witnesses or of three witnesses shall a charge be established. (عد 35:30; مت 18:16; 2كو 13:1) 16 If a malicious witness arises to accuse a person of wrongdoing, (خر 23:1; مز 35:11) 17 then both parties to the dispute shall appear before the LORD, before the priests and the judges who are in office in those days. (تث 17:8; تث 17:9; تث 21:5) 18 The judges shall inquire diligently, and if the witness is a false witness and has accused his brother falsely, (تث 13:14; تث 17:4) 19 then you shall do to him as he had meant to do to his brother. So you shall purge the evil^[3] from your midst. (أم 19:5; أم 19:9; دا 6:24) 20 And the rest shall hear and fear, and shall never again commit any such evil among you. (تث 13:11) 21 Your eye shall not pity. It shall be life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. (خر 21:23; خر 21:24; تث 13:1)