1‘ “If anyone sins because they do not speak up when they hear a public charge to testify regarding something they have seen or learned about, they will be held responsible.2‘ “If anyone becomes aware that they are guilty – if they unwittingly touch anything ceremonially unclean (whether the carcass of an unclean animal, wild or domestic, or of any unclean creature that moves along the ground) and they are unaware that they have become unclean, but then they come to realise their guilt;3or if they touch human uncleanness (anything that would make them unclean) even though they are unaware of it, but then they learn of it and realise their guilt;4or if anyone thoughtlessly takes an oath to do anything, whether good or evil (in any matter one might carelessly swear about) even though they are unaware of it, but then they learn of it and realise their guilt –5when anyone becomes aware that they are guilty in any of these matters, they must confess in what way they have sinned.6As a penalty for the sin they have committed, they must bring to the Lord a female lamb or goat from the flock as a sin offering[1]; and the priest shall make atonement for them for their sin.7‘ “Anyone who cannot afford a lamb is to bring two doves or two young pigeons to the Lord as a penalty for their sin – one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering.8They are to bring them to the priest, who shall first offer the one for the sin offering. He is to wring its head from its neck, not dividing it completely,9and is to splash some of the blood of the sin offering against the side of the altar; the rest of the blood must be drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering.10The priest shall then offer the other as a burnt offering in the prescribed way and make atonement for them for the sin they have committed, and they will be forgiven.11‘ “If, however, they cannot afford two doves or two young pigeons, they are to bring as an offering for their sin a tenth of an ephah[2] of the finest flour for a sin offering. They must not put olive oil or incense on it, because it is a sin offering.12They are to bring it to the priest, who shall take a handful of it as a memorial[3] portion and burn it on the altar on top of the food offerings presented to the Lord. It is a sin offering.13In this way the priest will make atonement for them for any of these sins they have committed, and they will be forgiven. The rest of the offering will belong to the priest, as in the case of the grain offering.” ’
The guilt offering
14The Lord said to Moses:15‘When anyone is unfaithful to the Lord by sinning unintentionally in regard to any of the Lord’s holy things, they are to bring to the Lord as a penalty a ram from the flock, one without defect and of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel.[4] It is a guilt offering.16They must make restitution for what they have failed to do in regard to the holy things, pay an additional penalty of a fifth of its value and give it all to the priest. The priest will make atonement for them with the ram as a guilt offering, and they will be forgiven.17‘If anyone sins and does what is forbidden in any of the Lord’s commands, even though they do not know it, they are guilty and will be held responsible.18They are to bring to the priest as a guilt offering a ram from the flock, one without defect and of the proper value. In this way the priest will make atonement for them for the wrong they have committed unintentionally, and they will be forgiven.19It is a guilt offering; they have been guilty of[5] wrongdoing against the Lord.’
Leviticus 5
English Standard Version
1“If anyone sins in that he hears a public adjuration to testify, and though he is a witness, whether he has seen or come to know the matter, yet does not speak, he shall bear his iniquity; (Le 5:17; Le 7:18; Le 10:17; Le 17:16; Le 19:8; Le 20:17; Le 20:19; Nu 5:31; Nu 9:13; 1Sa 14:24; 1Sa 14:26; 1Ki 8:31; Pr 29:24; Mt 26:63)2or if anyone touches an unclean thing, whether a carcass of an unclean wild animal or a carcass of unclean livestock or a carcass of unclean swarming things, and it is hidden from him and he has become unclean, and he realizes his guilt; (Le 11:24; Le 11:28; Le 11:31; Le 11:39; Nu 19:11; Nu 19:13; Nu 19:16)3or if he touches human uncleanness, of whatever sort the uncleanness may be with which one becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, when he comes to know it, and realizes his guilt;4or if anyone utters with his lips a rash oath to do evil or to do good, any sort of rash oath that people swear, and it is hidden from him, when he comes to know it, and he realizes his guilt in any of these; (Jud 11:30; 1Sa 14:24; 1Sa 25:22; Ec 5:2; Mr 6:23; Ac 23:12)5when he realizes his guilt in any of these and confesses the sin he has committed, (Le 16:21; Le 26:40; Nu 5:7; Jos 7:19; Ezr 10:1)6he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation[1] for the sin that he has committed, a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat, for a sin offering. And the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.7“But if he cannot afford a lamb, then he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation for the sin that he has committed two turtledoves or two pigeons,[2] one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. (Le 1:14; Le 12:8; Le 14:21)8He shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer first the one for the sin offering. He shall wring its head from its neck but shall not sever it completely, (Le 1:15; Le 1:17)9and he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, while the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar; it is a sin offering. (Le 1:15; Le 4:7; Le 4:18; Le 4:30; Le 4:34)10Then he shall offer the second for a burnt offering according to the rule. And the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin that he has committed, and he shall be forgiven. (Le 4:20; Le 4:26; Le 4:31; Le 4:35)11“But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two pigeons, then he shall bring as his offering for the sin that he has committed a tenth of an ephah[3] of fine flour for a sin offering. He shall put no oil on it and shall put no frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering. (Nu 5:15)12And he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take a handful of it as its memorial portion and burn this on the altar, on the Lord’s food offerings; it is a sin offering. (Le 2:2; Le 4:35)13Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin which he has committed in any one of these things, and he shall be forgiven. And the remainder[4] shall be for the priest, as in the grain offering.” (Le 5:10)
Laws for Guilt Offerings
14The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,15“If anyone commits a breach of faith and sins unintentionally in any of the holy things of the Lord, he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation, a ram without blemish out of the flock, valued[5] in silver shekels,[6] according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. (Ex 30:13; Le 22:14; Ezr 10:2; Ezr 10:19)16He shall also make restitution for what he has done amiss in the holy thing and shall add a fifth to it and give it to the priest. And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven. (Le 5:10; Le 6:5; Le 22:14; Le 27:13; Le 27:15; Le 27:27; Le 27:31; Nu 5:7)17“If anyone sins, doing any of the things that by the Lord’s commandments ought not to be done, though he did not know it, then realizes his guilt, he shall bear his iniquity. (Le 4:2; Nu 15:29; Lu 12:48)18He shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish out of the flock, or its equivalent, for a guilt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for the mistake that he made unintentionally, and he shall be forgiven. (Le 5:10; Le 5:15)19It is a guilt offering; he has indeed incurred guilt before[7] the Lord.”